Me and The National Museum

In this 3rd assignment, I visited the National Museum which is located in central Jakarta numbers.


The first thing I will discuss is Sasando. Sasando is a stringed musical instrument. This musical instrument comes from the island of Rote, East Nusa Tenggara. Literally Sasando according to the origin of the name he said in Rote, sasandu, which means a tool that vibrates or rings. It is said sasando use among community Rote since the 7th century. There is similarity in shape sasando other stringed instruments like guitar, violin and harp.
The beauty of sound sasando capable of capturing and expressing a wide range of nuance and emotion. Therefore, the people of NTT, Sasando is a dance musical accompaniment, while bereaved family entertainer, adding kpceriaan now rejoice, as well as personal entertainment.
In general, similar to the shape Sasando other stringed instruments like guitar, violin, and harp. But without a chord (key), the strings should be plucked Sasando with two hands, such as major harpa.Bagian sasando long tubular commonly made of bamboo. Circular tube from top to bottom are wedge-wedge in which the strings (the strings) stretched and rested. Wedge-wedge gives a different tone to each passage strings.
Sasando tube is placed in a semi-circular container made of tree leaves gebang (a kind of palm) which became the resonance sasando, or reflective media. Until now, all the materials used to make sasando made from natural ingredients, except the strings of fine wire.
Distinguished from the number of its strings, Sasando can be divided into several types, namely Sasando ankle (with 28-wai da); Sasando Double (with 56 strings, or 84 strings); Sasando Gong or Sasando I Lk. and Sasando Biola. Therefore, the sound Sasando vary widely, almost all types of music can be played with sasando traditional music, pop, slow rock and even dangdut. There he said, the difference in the way the game depending on the particular type of game style sasando in each region, the ability of the player and not a system of musical notation, especially for Sasando gong.
There are two types of ensembles sasando, which is located on the island of Rote, where Sasando played to accompany the singing and drum beat. While on the island of Sabu, Sasando two played together with vocal accompaniment but without drums.
There are also types of Electrical Sasando created by Arnold Edon included in one of Sasando Biola. Sasando Electric does not use palm leaves / haik / crate, because it does not require resonant space that serves as a container for sound. Direct sound can be enlarged through the loudspeaker (sound system / powered speakers)
The next thing that I will discuss is the statue of Ganesha. Ganesha is one of the famous gods in Hinduism and much revered by Hindus, who has a degree as a god of knowledge and intelligence, protective god, god repellent reinforcements / disaster and the god of wisdom. Painting and sculpture are found in various parts of India, including Nepal, Tibet and Southeast Asia. In the reliefs, sculptures and paintings, he often depicted the elephant-headed, four-armed and body fat. He is also known by the name Ganapati, Winayaka and Pilleyar. In the tradition of puppet shows, he called Bhatara Gana, and is considered one of the sons of Lord Guru (Shiva). Various sects of Hinduism worship regardless of class. Worship of Ganesa far-reaching spread to the people of Jaina, Buddhist, and outside India.
Although he is known to have many attributes, elephant-shaped head that makes it easy to identify. Ganesa mahsyur as "repellent all odds" and more commonly known as the "god when starting a job" and "God of all obstacles" (Wignesa, Wigneswara), "Patron of art and science", and "god of intelligence and wisdom". He was honored during a ceremony to start and was called as a protective / monitoring purposes of writing when writing in the ceremony. Some books contain anecdotes associated with his birth mystical and explain certain characteristics.
Ganesha emerged as a particular deity with the typical form in the 4th century until the 5th century AD, during the Gupta period, although he inherited traits vanguard in the days of pre-Vedic and Vedic. His fame rose quickly, and he was included among the five major gods in the teachings of Smarta (a Hindu denomination) in the 9th century. The sect of devotees called Ganapatya, who considers Ganesha as the main deity, arose during that period. Major books dedicated to Ganesa is Ganesapurana, Mudgalapurana, and Ganapati Atharwashirsa
• Etymology and Other NamesGanesha has many titles and names of praise, including Ganapati and Wigneswara. Degree in Hinduism is used as a tribute, which is often added in front of Sri name. One well-known way of worshiping Ganesha Sahasranama Ganesha is by singing, a prayer pronunciation of "a thousand names Ganesha". Each name in the sahasranama contains different meanings and represent different aspects of Ganesa. At least there are two versions of Ganesha Sahasranama; one version taken from Ganeshapurana, namely Hindus to honor Ganesha literature.
The name Ganesha is a Sanskrit compound word, consisting of the words gana, meaning groups, crowds, or the grouping system, and Isha means ruler or leader. The word gana when associated with Ganesha is often referring to the gana, forces a half-god who became followers of Shiva. The term more generally means the group, class, community, association or union. Ganapati, another name for Ganesa, is a compound word consisting of the words gana, meaning "group", and pati, meaning "regulator" or "leader". Book Amarakosha, namely Sanskrit dictionary, a list of eight other name Ganesa: Winayaka, Wignaraja (same as Wignesa), Dwaimatura (who has two mothers), Ganadipa (equal to Ganapati and Ganesha), Ekadanta (who has one tusk), Heramba , Lambodara (which has a belly like a pot, or, literally, that his stomach hanging), and Gajanana (elephant-faced).
Winayaka is the common name for Ganesha that appears in the Puranas Hinduism and Tantric Buddhism. This name reflects the title of the eight famous Ganesha temples in Maharashtra that mahsyur as astawinayaka. Wignesa name and Wigneswara (Ruler of all obstacles) refers to the primary task in Hindu mythology as the creator as well as refugee all odds (vighna).
Famous name for Ganesha in the Tamil language is Pille or Pilleyar ("child"). A. K. Narain differentiates these terms mean by saying that pille means a "child" means a temporary pilleyar "noble child". He added that the words pallu, Pella, and Pell in the Dravidian languages ​​means "tooth or tusk elephant", but more commonly means "elephant". An author named Anita Raina Thapan added that the root word pille in the name of Pillaiyar probably originally meant "a young elephant", because the word pillaka in Pali means "a young elephant".
• The depictionGanesa is well-known figure in Indian art. Image of Ganesa mushroomed in various parts of India around the 6th century. Unlike other gods, Ganesa figure drawing has a wide variety and different patterns that change from time to time. He is sometimes depicted standing, dancing, acting bravely against the demons, playing with his family as a boy, sitting down, or behaved in a state.
Elephant-headed Ganesha is usually depicted with distended abdomen. His statue has four arms, which is the main depiction of Ganesha. He brings with his right tusk broken down and bring the sweet snack, which he took with his trunk, on the lower left hand. Ganesha motif yang trunk curved sharply to the left to taste the sweets on the left hand underneath the main characteristics of a bygone era. More primitive statue in Ellora Caves with this general traits, estimated from the 7th century. In the usual embodiment, depicted Ganesha holding an ax or angkus the upper hand and a noose in hand over the other.
-Common AttributesElephant-headed Ganesha is described since the initial appearance in Indian art. Mythology in the Puranas give some explanation of the events that caused the elephant-headed. One embodiment of the famous, namely Heramba-Ganapati, has five elephant heads, and other minor variations in the number of heads are known. While some books say that Ganesha was born with the head of an elephant, the famous story says that he had the head of an elephant at a later date. The main motifs recur in these stories is that Ganesha was born with the body and human head, then when Shiva beheaded Ganesha meddling between Shiva and Parvati. Shiva then replace the original head of Ganesha with an elephant head. Detail the story of the battle and the replacement of the head, has different versions according to different sources. In the book there Brahmawaiwartapurana a pretty interesting story. When Ganesha was born, his mother,Parvati, showed her newborn baby before the gods. Suddenly, Lord Sani (Saturn), which is said to have cursed eyes, looked at Ganesha's head so that the baby's head burned to ashes. Lord Vishnu came to the rescue and replace the head with the head of an elephant disappear. Other stories in the book Warahapurana said that Ganesha created directly by Shiva's laughter. Because Shiva feels Ganesha too alluring attention, he gave an elephant's head and the abdomen distended.
The name Ganesha at the beginning was Ekadanta (one tusk), referring to the tusks a whole only amounted to one, while others are broken. Some of the imagery shows he was carrying a broken tusks. The important thing behind this special appearance Mudgalapurana contained in the book, which says that the name of the second incarnation of Ganesa is Ekadanta. Potbelly Ganesha emerged as the special features on the arts since ancient statue, which was estimated from the Gupta period (IV-VI century). Appearance is very important, because according to Mudgalapurana, two different incarnation of Ganesha use names taken from Lambodara (belly, or, literally, hanging belly) and Mahodara (big belly). The second name is a compound word in Sanskrit that describe how the state of his stomach. Book Brahmandapurana said that Ganesha Lambodara named because all the universe in the past, present, and which willcomes in the body. The number of arms varies Ganesa; his form which is known to have about two to sixteen arms. Many depictions of Ganesha which features he handed four, which has been mentioned in the Puranas and established as the standard form of the several books about iconography. His form in the early days have two arms. Form with 14 and 20 arms appeared in central India during the 9th century and the 10th century. Snakes are a common view in the depiction of Ganesha and appears in various forms. According Ganesapurana, Ganesa Basuki serpent wrapped around his neck. Other depictions of snakes include use as a wound sacred threads wrapped around the stomach as a belt, held in his hand, strapped at the ankle, or worn as a crown. Ganesha's forehead there may be a third eye or a cult symbol of Shiva, in the form of three horizontal lines. Ganeshapurana say that the same sign tilakawith a crescent on the forehead of the head. Particular form of Ganesha called Bhalachandra incorporate elements such depictions. Yet another specific color associated with a particular form. Some examples of color relationships with certain meditation movement expressed in Sritattvanidhi, a book on the iconography of Hinduism. For example, white is connected with a form of Ganesa as Heramba-Ganapati and Rina-Mochana-Ganapati (Ganapati that freed from the shackles). Ekadanta-Ganapati drawn in blue during meditation in the form of it.
-VehicleImage of Ganesa did not at first accompanied by a vehicle (ride). In the eighth embodiment set forth in Mudgalapurana Ganesa, Ganesa five times using five mice in the incarnation, to use when incarnated as Wakratunda lion, a peacock when incarnated as Wikata, and using Sesa, divine dragon, in its incarnation as Wignaraja. In the fourth incarnation of Ganesha listed in Ganesapurana, Mohotkata riding a lion, Mayureswara riding a peacock, Dumraketu riding horses, and riding Gajanana mice. In view of Jaina religion of Ganesa, bicycle there were all kinds, such as mice, elephants, turtles, sheep, or a peacock.
Ganesha is often depicted riding or to be taken by a rat. Martin-Dubost says that the rats emerged as a major vehicle in the literature about Ganesha, in the region of Central and Western India during the 7th century; mice also always placed close to his feet. Rat as the vehicle appears first in the book and then in Brahmandapurana Matsyapurana and Ganesapurana, where Ganesha uses it as a vehicle only on the last incarnation. Ganapati Atharwashirsa contains about Ganesha Sloka which states that the images are in their flag rats. Name Musakawahana (berwahana mice) and Akuketana (flagged rat) appear in the Ganesha Sahasranama.
Ganesa as ruler mice demonstrated its function as Wigneswara (god all odds) and provide evidence against its role as grāmata-devata (village deity) who later rose to the people of his glory.
• Association-BuddhiGanesha is considered as the God of Literacy and Learning. In Sanskrit, the word buddhi is a feminine noun translated into a lot of intelligence, wisdom, or reason. The concept of buddhi is closely associated with the personality of Ganesha, especially in the time of the Puranas, as many stories highlight his intelligence and love of intelligence. One name Ganesha and Ganesha Sahasranama in Ganeshapurana is Buddhipriya. This name also appears in the list of 21 names at the end of the Ganesha Sahasranama Ganesha which is very important. The word priya can mean "beloved", and in the context of husband and wife can mean "lover" or "husband", hence the name Buddhipriya could mean "beloved by intelligence" or "Buddhi's husband".
-AumIdentified with the mantra Aum Ganesa in the Hindu religion, which refers to an understanding that he was incarnated as the main sound. The Book of Ganapati Atharwashirsa give an explanation of this relationship. Swami Chinmayananda translates the relevant following statement:
(O Hyang Ganapati!) Thou (Trinity) Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahesa. Thou Indra. Engakulah fire (Agni) and air (Bayu). You are the sun (Surya) and month (Candrama). You are Brahman. Thou (third world) Bhuloka [earth], Space-loka [outer space], and Swargaloka [heaven]. You are Om. (That's a sign that thou these things).
Some devotees see similarities between the curve of the body's general portrayal of Ganesha in the form of Aum symbol in the alphabet Dewanagari and Tamil.
First-ChakraAccording to Kundalini yoga, Ganesha occupies the first chakra, called muladhara. First means "origin, the main"; adhara means "foundation, foundation". Muladhara Chakra is the important thing is the widening of the main points of divine power hidden. Ganesa with this relationship is also explained in Atharwashirsa Ganapati. Courtright translates the following statement: "[O Ganesha,] You always occupy the sacred foundation of uric backbone [mūlādhāra cakra]." Hence, Ganesha has a permanent residence in every creature which is located on the Muladhara. Ganesha holds, supports and guides the other chakras, so he set the forces that drive the life chakra.
• Mythology-BirthAlthough known as the son of Ganesha Shiva and Parvati, the myths of the Puranas has uncertainty about his birth. He could have been created by Shiva, or by Parvati, or by Shiva and Parvati, or appeared mysteriously and was discovered by Shiva and Parvati. There are various versions about the birth of Ganesha, but the most famous stories from the book Siwapurana.
Siwapurana narrated in the book, one day Parvati (Shiva's wife) wanted a shower. Not wanting to be disturbed, it creates a boy. He ordered that the child does not allow anyone into his house while Goddess Parvati bathing and should only be carried out the orders Goddess Parvati alone. The order was executed the children well.
Once when Lord Shiva was about to go into his house, he could not enter because it was blocked by small children who keep her home. The boy was banned because he wanted to carry out orders properly Parvati. Shiva explained that he was Parvati's husband and the house that kept the boy is his home too. But the boy did not want to listen to the command of Shiva, according to her mother's command to not hear any orders. Shiva eventually run out of patience and fighting with his own son. The battle is very fierce until finally Shiva using trident and cut off the boy's head. When Parvati out of the shower, she found her son's lifeless. He was angry with her husband and demanded that her son was revived. Shiva aware of his actions and he complied with the request of his wife.
On the advice of Brahma, Shiva sent his servant, that is the gana, to chop off the head of any creature was first seen facing north. When it comes down to earth, gana find an elephant was facing north. Elephant's head was cut to replace the head of Ganesha. Ganesa finally revived by Lord Shiva and has since been given the title of Gods Salvation
-Family and wifeIn the family there is his brother Ganesa called Skanda, also called Kartikeya, Murugan, and others. Regional differences provide a different version of the level of their birth. In North India, Skanda is generally considered an older, while in South India, Ganesha is considered the first born. Skanda is the god of war are well known around the year 500 BC to 600 AD, when the cult against him was reduced significantly in North India. Along with the waning of Skanda, Ganesha began to flourish. Some stories tell the rivalry between the brothers, and may reflect the tension between the sect (cult devotee of Ganesha and Skanda).
Book Siwapurana said that Ganesha had two sons: Ksema (prosperity) and earnings (profits). According to the North Indian version of the story, his son often called Suba (safety) and Profit. Hindi-language film in 1975 titled Jai Santoshi Maa shows Ganesha married to Riddhi and Siddhi and having daughter named Santoshi Ma, the goddess of satisfaction. This story has no basis from the Puranas.
• Worship and festivalsThe festival is associated with Winayaka caturti Ganesa (Ganesha Caturti) on śuklapakṣa (fourth day of full moon) in the month bhadrapada (August / September) and jayanti Ganesa (Ganesha's birthday) is celebrated on cathurthī in kṛṣṇapakṣa (day of the fourth month of death) in the month of Magha (January / February).
-Ganesa CaturtiThe annual festival for Ganesha worship which lasted ten days, starting on Ganesa Caturti, which falls in late August or early September. The festival culminates on the day of Ananta Caturdasi, when the statue (murti) Ganesa dipped in water. In 1893, Lokmanya Tilak change this annual festival from private family celebrations into events for the wider community. He did so to address the gaps between groups of non-Brahmins and Brahmins and find unusual context is meant to build unity among their roots, in the national ideals against British rule in Maharashtra. Since Ganesha is widely revered as "the god for everyone", Tilak chose him as a place to accommodate people of Indian protest against British rule. Tilak was the first to put the image of Ganesa are great for the general public in a pavilion, and set a tradition for dipping all imagesGanesa on the tenth day. At present, Hindus across India celebrate the Ganapati festival with the spirit of burning, although it is most popular in the state of Maharashtra. The festival also received a large proportion in Mumbai and around the temples Astawinayaka.
In a Hindu shrine, a wide range of Ganesha can be described: as subordinate deities (parswadewata); as a god closely with the main deity (pariwaradewata); or as the main deity in a temple (Pradhana), were treated like a god supreme among Hindu gods and goddesses . As a god and out, he was placed in the gate many Hindu temples to dispel the bad things, which is similar to its role as a gatekeeper's house Parvati. And also, several temples dedicated to Ganesha himself, for example Astawinayaka in Maharashtra's most famous. Located at a distance of about 100 kilometers from Pune city, each of the eight main temple is glorified form of Ganapati, complete with stories and legends; together they form a mandala, sacred territory marking Ganesa.
There are many important Ganesha temples in the following places: Wai in Maharashtra; Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh; Jodhpur, Nagaur and Raipur (Pali) in Rajasthan; Baidyanath in Bihar; Baroda, Dhokala, and Balsad in Gujarat and the Temple in Benares Dhundiraj , Uttar Pradesh. The main Ganesha Temple in South India is as follows: Jambukeśvara Temple in Trichy; in Rameshvaram and Suchindram in Tamil Nadu; Hampi, Kasargod, and Idagunji in Karnataka; and Bhadrachalam in Andhra Pradesh.
• History of fameThe first-OccurrencesGanesha appeared in his classic form as the god that is easily recognizable with the attributes that reflected well in the beginning of the 4th century until the 5th century. Shanti Lal Nagar says that the earliest statues, known as a form of Ganesha is in a niche in the temple of Shiva in Bhumra, which is interpreted from the time of Gupta empire. The cult itself against him appeared around the 10th century. Narain summarizes the controversy between the devotee of Ganesa and academic views on the development of Ganesha as follows:
What has been unexpected is the rather dramatic appearance of Ganesha's view of history. Vanguard is not clear. Openness and extensive fame, which transcend territorial boundaries and schools of, it's amazing. On the one hand there for the people of orthodox faith against the origin of Ganesha from the time of the Vedas and the Puranas there is a confusing explanation, but it is a mythology that was quite interesting. On the other hand there are doubts about the idea and the statue of this god before the fourth to the fifth century AD. ...
-Effects allowsBooks written about the development of Ganesa Thapan contains a chapter on speculation about the role of head of an elephant in the earliest times in India, but concluded that, "although in the 2nd century AD there is an elephant-headed Yaksa embodiment, it can not be considered to describe the Ganapati-Winayaka. Not there is evidence of a god called elephant or elephant-headed form at the beginning of this era. Ganapati-Winayaka still makes its debut. "One theory about the origin of Ganesha says that he is slowly becoming famous in connection with four Winayaka. In Hindu mythology, the Winayaka are four groups of evil creatures that make the obstacles and difficulties, yet easy to be appeased. Winayaka name is a name familiar to Ganesa, both in the Puranas, Puranas and Tantric Buddhism. Krishan is one of the scholars who accept this theory, which is flat on Ganesa commented, "He's not a god in the Vedas. The origins follow in the footsteps of four Winayaka, evil spirits, from Manawagrehyasutra (VII-IV century BC) who cause various types of evil and suffering ". The depiction of the elephant-headed human figures, some of whom identified with Ganesha, appear in Indian art and coins at the beginning of the 2nd century.
-Vedic and epic literatureDegree "group leader" (Sanskrit: Ganapati) appears twice in Regweda, but they do not refer to the current Ganesa. The term occurs in Regweda (Rw 2.23.1) as a title for Brahmanaspati, according to the commentators. When Sloka was no doubt referring to Brahmanaspati, Sloka was later adopted for worship Ganesha and is still used today. In contradiction that the statement is evidence of Ganesha in Regweda, Ludo Rocher says that it clearly refers to the god Wrehaspati-hymns-and only Wrehaspati. It is also similar, namely the second statement (Rw 10.112.9) refers to Indra, who was given the title 'Ganapati', translated as "Leader of association (for the Marut)." However, Rocher-Martial Arts states that literature is often cited recent Ganapatya-Sloka Sloka Regweda honor of Ganesa.
Two Sloka in the book that includes black Yajurweda, namely Maitrayaniya Samhita (2.9.1) and Taittiriya Aranyakas (10.1), stated a request to god that "fanged one" (Dantih), "elephant-faced" (Hastimuka), and "trunked crooked" (Wakratunda). These names remind us of Ganesha, and a commentator of the 14th century with the firm named Sayana ensure this identification. The description of Dantin, who has a crooked trunk (wakratunda) and holds the corn, sugarcane, and mace, is the main characteristic of Ganapati in the Puranas, as said Heras, "can not be disputed again to accept the identification (the characteristics of Ganesa) with (characteristic features) this Dantin ". However, Krishan considers that these hymns are additional (carangan) post-Vedic era. Thapan added that the statements were usually considered as an adjunct. Dhavalikar said, "references to the elephant-headed god in MaitrayaniSamhita has been shown as inserts at the end, it is not so useful in determining the earliest information about the deity (Ganesha) ".
Ganesha does not appear in the epic of India in Vedic times. An inset on the Hindu epic Mahabharata says that Rishi Vyasa asked Ganesha to help him as a writer to record the epic that is dictated by the receipt to him. Ganesha agreed but on condition that Vyasa must disclose it without interspersed with the epic, that is, without stopping. The sage agreed, but realized that to make a pause, he needs to tell a very complex statement that Ganesha will be asked to clarify. The story is not considered a part of the original book by the editors of the book edition of the Mahabharata criticism. The relationship between Ganesa with the agility of mind and learning is one of the reasons that it is displayed as the author described the dictation of Vyasa of the Mahabharata in the inset. Richard L. Brown estimates the time going around the 8th century, and Moriz Winternitzconcluded that the story was known in early years. 900, but not added to the Mahabharata until about 150 years later. Winternitz also added that the different versions of the manuscript Mahabharata in South India is the abolition of the Ganesha legend. Winayaka term is found in several reviews in Santiparwa and Anusasanaparwa which is considered as inserts. A reference about Wignakartrinam ("Creator hurdle") in Wanaparwa also believed to be an adjunct and not appearing in the criticism.
-Age of PuranasThe story about Ganesha often occur in the Puranas. Brown said, while the Puranas do not mention exactly when an event occurs, the narrative of the life story of Ganesa more detail in the book that came later, around th. 600-1300. Yuvraj Krishan says that the myth about the birth of Ganesha and how he obtained the head of an elephant, in the Puranas, composed of th. 600 and so on. He researched the issue and revealed that the references contained in the Puranas Ganesa-purana early, such as Bayupurana and Brahmandapurana, is a later insertion made from century-7sampai the 10th century.
The rise of fame Ganesa codified in the 9th century, when he formally entered into five major gods in the flow of Smarta. The 9th century philosopher named Shankaracarya popularize "the cult of the five being" (pañcāyatana Puja), a system among orthodox Brahmins of the Smarta tradition. In this cult that carried out the calling of five deities Ganesha, Vishnu, Shiva, Goddess, and Surya. Shankaracarya establish that tradition with the ultimate goal to unify the major deities of the five major sects on the same status. This really made the role of Ganesha as a complementary deity.
-Books and literatureWhen Ganesha was accepted as one of the five major gods in Brahmanism, some Brahmins chose to worship Ganesha as their principal deity. They develop Ganapatya tradition, as can be listened to in Ganeshapurana and Mudgalapurana.
Ganeshapurana composing period and Mudgalapurana (and the timing is not fixed between each other) scholars debate has been waged. Both of them develop from time to time and content contained piles. Anita Thapan expressed comments about the arrangement and confirm his opinion. "It seems, perhaps the contents of the main points emerging Ganeshapurana about the twelfth century and thirteenth", he said, "but then given a blank." Lawrence W. Preston thinks that the time allowed for composing Ganeshapurana between the years 1100 and 1400, along with the establishment of the holy places as mentioned in that book.
R.C. Hazra said that Mudgalapurana older than Ganeshapurana, which he composed in 1100 and 1400. However, Phyllis Granoff found a problem with respect to time is not fixed this and concluded that Mudgalapurana is the last book of philosophical issues pertaining to Ganesha. He suggests the reason is based on a fact that, among other internal evidence, specifically mentions Mudgalapurana Ganeshapurana as one of the four Puranas (Brahma, Brahmanda, Ganesha, and Mudgalapurana) who raised the question of Ganesa. While the content is outdated, the book is given a blank until the century 17dan to-18, in connection with the worship of Ganapati which became important in certain areas. Another book of praise Ganesa, Ganapati Atharwashirsa ie, it is likely composed in the 16th century or the 17th.
The next thing that I will discuss is a miniature traditional Toraja house, namely Tongkonan. The original house Toraja called Tongkonan, derived from the word 'tongkon' which means 'sit together'. Tongkonan always be facing towards the north, which is considered as the source of life. Based on archaeological research, the Toraja came from Yunan, Tongkin Bay, China. Immigrants from China was later acculturated with the natives of South Sulawesi. Tongkonan form of wooden houses on stilts, where the pit beneath the house is usually used as a cowshed. Tongkonan boat-shaped roof, which symbolizes the origin of the Toraja in Sulawesi who arrived by boat from China. At the front of the house, beneath the towering roof, mounted buffalo horns. This amount represents the amount of water buffalo horn funeral ever undertaken by the family owners tongkonan. On the left side of the house (facing west)