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GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

Gerunds and infinitives are forms of verbs that act like nouns. They can follow adjectives and other verbs. Gerunds can also follow prepositions.
A gerund (often known as an -ing word) is a noun formed from a verb by adding -ing. Not all words formed with -ing are gerunds, while infinitives are formed with to+.
When a verb follows a verb it either takes the gerund or infinitive form. Some verbs can take either the gerund or the infinitive with no loss of meaning.
For example:

• With the verb start - "It started to rain." or "It started raining." Both sentences have the same meaning.

Sometimes the use of the gerund or infinitive changes the meaning of the sentence.
For example:

• With the verb remember - "I remembered to do my homework". or "I remembered doing my homework."

In the first sentence (I remembered to do my homework), the person speaking remembered they had some homework first and then carried out the action and did it. In the second sentence (I remembered doing my homework.), the person speaking carried out the action (their homework) first and then remembered doing it.

Both gerunds and infinitives can be the subject of a sentence. For example: 

·        Writing in Spanish is difficult (gerund)

·        To write in Spanish is difficult (infinitive(

Both gerunds and infinitives can be the object of a sentence. For example:

·        I like writing in Spanish (gerund)

·        I like to write in Spanish (infinitive)

But only gerund can be the object of a preposition. For example:

·        I am thinking about writing in English

It is rather difficult for us to know when to use gerunds or infinitives when it comes to writing. Distinguishing them in sentences may be easier.
Gerunds are often used when the action is real, concrete, or completed:

·        I stopped smoking

(The smoking was real and happened until I stopped)

Infinitives are often used when the action is unreal, abstract, or future:

·        I stopped to smoke

(I was doing something else, I stopped doing it so that I can smoke. The smoking had not happened yet)

Other verbs only take one or the other, unfortunately there is no rule as to which form the verb takes. The same is true when the verb follows an adjective.

FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD CONDITIONAL 

First conditional 

Conditional clause: if + present tense    -------------- Main clause: will + inf / present tense / imperative

Second conditional

Conditional clause: if + past tense   --------------- Main clause: would + inf 

Third conditional

Conditional clause: if + past perfect tense   -------------- Main clause: would have + past participle

 

• If I have enough money, I will go to Japan.

              (conditional clause)       (main clause)

First conditional: If I have enough money, I will go to Japan

Second conditional: I would go to Japan, If I had enough money.

Third conditional: If I had had enough money, I would have gone to Japan.