RANGKUMAN MATERI BAHASA INGGRIS
KELAS XI SEMESTER 2
NARRATIVE
A narrative is a piece of writing that tells a story. The story can be imaginary or based on a real incident.
· Communication purpose
To entertain the readers
· Examples of narrative texts
Short stories, folk tales, legends, fables and myths.
· The organization of a narrative text:
A narrative text can have as many paragraphs as you want. However, it mainly consists of three parts:
o Orientation : presents the setting of your story and introduces the characters involved.
o Complications: The story continues here. Usually, there will be an event or a sequence of events that lead the characters into a complication (some form of conflict that disrupts the normal event). Tension starts to build up to a climax, and this draws anticipation in the readers.
o Resolution: the problem starts to get resolved. Sometimes the story ends happily or vice versa, and at other times the resolution (i.e. the ending of the story) is left for the readers to decide.
· Grammatical features related to the narrative texts:
Action Verb
Adjective
Connectors to do with time and sequence
Pronouns
Punctuation
Simple Past Tense
Adverbs
Compound and Complex Sentences
This is the following example of narrative text:
Story of Rabbit and Bear
Once upon a time, there lived as neighbours, a bear and a rabbit. The rabbit is a good shot. In contrary, the bear is always clumsy ad could not use the arrow to good advantage.
One day, the bear called over the rabbit and asked the rabbit to take his bow and arrows and came with bear to the other side of the hill. The rabbit was fearing to arouse the bear's anger so he could not refuse it. He consented and went with the bear and shot enough buffalo to satisfy the hungry family. Indeed he shot and killed so many that there was lots of meat left after the bear and his family had loaded themselves and packed all they could carry home.
The bear was very gluttonous and did not want the rabbit to get any of the meat. Th e rabbit could not even taste the blood from the butchering as the bear would throw earth on the blood and dry it up. The poor rabbit would have to go home hungry after his hard day's work.
The bear was the father of five children. The youngest child was very kind to the rabbit. He was very hearty eater. The mother bear always gave him an extra large piece of meat but the youngest child did not eat it. He would take it outside with him and pretended to play ball with the meat. He kicked toward the rabbit's house and when he got close to the door he would give the meat with such a great kick. The meat would fly into the rabbit's house. In this way, the poor rabbit would get his meal unknown to the papa bear.
SPOOF
A spoof is an amusing story that tells events in a chronological sequence. It is a humorous story with a twist/unexpected ending
· Communicative Purpose
To entertain the readers with an amusing story
· Examples of spoof texts
Short story and dialog writing
· The organization of a spoof text
o Orientation: Presents the background information of the story: who, when and where the story happened.
o Events: The body tells the events that took place in order.
o Twist/unexpected ending: The event ends with an unexpected turn.
· Grammatical features related to spoof texts
Action Verb
Adjective
Connectors to do with time and sequence
Pronouns
Punctuation
Simple Past Tense
Adverbs
Compound and Complex Sentences
This is the following example of spoof text and its generic structure analysis.
Penguin in the Park
Once a man was walking in a park when he across a penguin. He took it to a policeman and said; "What should I do?" The policeman replied; "Take it to the zoo!".
The next day, the policeman saw the man in the same park. The man was still carrying the penguin. The policeman was rather surprised and walked up to the man and asked; "Why are you still carrying the penguin? Didn't you take it to the zoo?" The man replied; "I certainly did. And it was a great idea because the penguin really enjoyed it. So, today I am taking it to the movie".
Generic Structure Analysis
Orientation;introducing participants: "He" and Penguin. They were in the park
Event1; The man tended to take the penguin to the park
Event; The following day, the man were still carrying the penguin
Twist; Even, finally the man would take the penguin to the movies
Language Feature Analysis
Focusing on certain certain participants; He, penguin, policeman
Using action verb; carry, walk up
Using adverb of time and place; once, in the park
Told in chronological order; chronological order by days, the next day.
HORTATORY EXPOSITION
A hortatory exposition is a piece of writing that persuades the readers to accept the writer’s point of view. The writer has to lead the readers to agree with his views by showing the information in a logical way. The writer focuses on his own constructive response to the issue and draws the readers to agree with his argument.
· Comunicative purpose
To persuade the readers to agree with the writer
· Examples of hortatory exposition text
Political speechless, advertisements and newspaper editorials.
· The organization of a hortatory exposition text
o Thesis: presents an introduction of the issue concerned in an opening statement
o Arguments: presents the reasonable arguments of the issue to convince the lead and the readers to believe writer’s point of view
o Recommendation: reinforces the writer’s point of view by evoking feeling in the readers and directs the reader to follow or agree with the writer’s recommendation.
· Grammatical features related to hortatory exposition texts
Simple Present tense
Passive voice
Modal Auxiliaries
Verbs and verb phrases
Connectors
This is the following example of hortatory exposition text:
Mobile phone should be banned in school
Recently most people own mobile phone. Why does mobile phone user increase dramatically in recent years? First, the feature and functions has increased. Mobile phone is not used just for calling, but sending text, taking pictures, recording videos, accessing internet, playing games and much more. Second, mobile phone has also become a lot cheaper. Now this communication device does not only fill the pocket of adult but also teenager and student. Even a lot phones are intentionally designed to teenaged market. However should they be allowed to bring them to school?
Many schools do not allow students to bring cell phones to school. It is very reasonable because bringing phone to school potentially disrupts the learning process. Most students use cell phones irresponsibly. They use cell phones to talk to their friend during class time. They also use the calculator and camera features in the class as well. Those potentially lead less concentration in the time of learning and teaching process.
Students go to school to learn and behave fair way. Mobile phones provide a large temptation to cheat in tests. They can communicate to anyone and almost anywhere in the world. Because of the small size of the cell phone, students can send a text quietly and discreetly. The text can go unnoticed anywhere to get help on answering tests, homework, and other class assignment. Learning in school is to behave fair not cheating.
Therefore, schools should ban students from bringing their cell phones. However it should be done fairly. In case of an emergency some student need a call for help, providing easy access to phone is better.
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